论《文选》“书”类

《文选》除诗、赋之外，共收文35类，其中的册、令等8类各仅收文1篇，入选条件极苛严。但“书”类却收录了18人24。篇，数量为《文选》文之冠，足见书类名篇之夥。书体的日用性、私家性及其规范的宽松性、表达的自由性是其体作者和作品如此众多的重要原因。书体名篇的产生，除了一般的主体素质要求之外，有其特殊规律：作者因外部摧折形成的情感发酵至临界点，借口或决口同时形成时；人际关系良好的讲究友谊的时代氛围的驱使；书信的施者与受者在时间和空间上存在距离；征战频繁或政治动荡时代的需要；饱学上司的激励作用。从作者角度看，书有自撰与代拟之分；从施受关系看，有友与敌之分；从缘起上看，有主动与被动之分；从情调上看，有乐与苦之分，均以后者为主。

On Book--Type of Selected Works

Apart from poem and ＂fu＂,Selected Works collects 35 types of articles. The conditions of collecting eight types of articles are very strict. It collects only one article of the eight types including ＂ce＂ and ＂ling＂ respectively. However, 24 articles of the book--type written by 18 au~ thors are collected in it. The reason for the large number mainly lies in their daily--use nature, privacy,loose standard,and freedom of expression. In addition to the principal part＇s quality require- ments, the production of such famous article has some special rules：the authors＇ feelings are destroyed by the exterior; it is droved by the good interpersonal relation which stresses friendship; there exist time and space distances between the addresser and the addressee of letters;it is the need of the frequent war and political turbulence times;it is encouraged by the higher - up. From the angle of the authors, the books are written by self and others;from the relation of the agent and the recipient,it has friends and enemies;from the angle of the origins,it has the active and the passive; as for sentiment , it has happiness and bitterness. Of all these,the first place is given to the latter.