反射棱镜制造误差的分析与计算

 有误差的反射棱镜经展开后已不再呈现为一块平行玻璃板，取代它的是一块楔玻璃板。如何求得楔玻璃板的光学平行差（一个综合性的参量）无疑是一项头等重要的任务。为此，本文提出了求解此种棱镜的反射部像空间的总量像偏转△μ'的一个普遍适用的公式。参量△μ′ 与光学平行差具有同等重要的意义，同时利用这一参量再经一些简单运算，便可得到所需的光学平行差，即一个具有二自由度的矢量△N或PΔN 。上述方法表明，基于刚体运动学理论的反射棱镜调整原理同样也可用于反射棱镜制造误差的分析与计算。本方法还彻底揭示了存在于这两个主要参量PΔN和△μ'之间的紧密关系，有利于该课题的进一步研究。本文明确指出，玻璃板楔形角的作用将会造成一直线物在成像中的像弯曲缺陷而并非像倾斜。文章还提出了一些新概念和新观点。

Analysis and Calculation of Manufacturing Errors for Reflecting Prisms

The result of unfolding a real reflecting prism with angle and "pyramid" errors can no longer be a plane-parallel glass block, and the substitute will be a wedge-shaped plate. How to find the wedge parameter or optical parallelism of this glass block is a matter of primary importance. For this purpose, a novel generalized formula to determine the total image rotation △μ' in the image space of the reflecting part of the real prism has been established for the first time. First of all, the total image rotation itself is equally a crucial characteristic of a real reflecting prism with the above-mentioned errors, and furthermore by using △μ' the wedge parameter, namely, a vector of two degrees of freedom △N (or PΔN ) can easily be solved through only a few steps of simple calculation. This approach shows that the problem regarding the manufacturing errors of a reflecting prism can be settled in the same way as we have done in solving the issue relevant to the adjustment of reflecting prisms relying on the theory of kinematics of a rigid body. In the meanwhile the close relation between the two main parameters PΔN and △μ′ has been thoroughly exposed that would be advantageous to the further study of this topic. The paper also clearly states that the wedge effect will lead to a curved image for a linear object, instead of to produce an image lean. Besides, some new ideas and viewpoints have been presented.