20世纪初期美国反禁酒运动再思考

反禁酒运动是美国禁酒运动的有机组成部分,是禁酒运动的衰败阶段。法律上禁酒造成的负面影响直接导致了反禁酒运动的强势兴起。研究美国禁酒运动的国内学者认为,禁酒运动的失败与禁酒立法本身的漏洞、酒类走私集团的猖獗、法律尊严的丧失、经济大萧条的困境、禁酒执法的尴尬、反禁酒力量的壮大等因素有关,却很少强调反禁酒运动的成功与上世纪20年代美国消费社会与女权主义的兴起导致妇女禁酒阵营瓦解、自由主义的再度回归密不可分。应当说,20年代美国社会大气候的变化才是反禁酒运动成功的内因。

On the Success of American Anti-prohibition Movement at the Beginning of 20th Century

The Anti-prohibition Movement was just an organic component of American Prohibition Movement,the declining phase of the Movement.The negative impact of legal prohibition directly promoted the rising of the Anti-prohibition Movement.Chinese scholars contribute the failure of the Movement to factors such as legal loopholes in prohibition,trafficking of alcohol,erosion of respect to the law,economic hard time,embarrassment in implementing prohibition laws and the growth of anti-prohibition organizations.However,other reasons such as the emergence of new consumptive culture which led to the collapse of women's prohibition union,the eagerness for the return to "Normality" and the revival of liberalism were crucial to the success of Anti-prohibition Movement.