长白山自然保护区安图县境内土壤腐殖质与营养元素含量的研究

土壤腐殖质和养分(氮、磷和钾等)是土壤提供能量的物质基础,其含量的高低是衡量土壤肥力的重要指标。通过对长白山自然保护区安图林区的7个样地的土壤进行采集、测定分析,对该地区土壤腐殖质与土壤养分元素之间的相关性进行了研究。结果表明,长白山自然保护区森林土壤的腐殖质含量较高,腐殖质中胡敏酸的含量比富里酸和胡敏素高,且腐殖化程度较好;氮、磷、钾等营养元素的含量均处于中等偏高水平。可提取腐殖物质含量与各营养元素含量呈显著正相关,胡敏素含量与营养元素含量则无明显相关性,长白山安图林区土壤胡敏素中有机质含量较少,其在土壤供肥能力中的作用机制有待进一步研究;胡敏酸、富里酸及胡敏素含量与全钾含量之间相关性亦不显著,表明土壤供应钾素肥力的能力应主要依赖于速效钾和缓效钾而非土壤全钾。

A Study on Humus Composition and Contents of Elements in Soil of Changbai Mountain Area Nature Reserve

Soil organic matter and nutrients (eg. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) play important roles in soil fertility. Through analyzing seven soil samples collected from Nature Reserve located in Antu county, Heilongjiang province, the humus composition, the contents of elements and the correlation were studied. The results showed that the contents of organic matter in the forest soil of Changbai Mountain area was somewhat high, the content of humic acid was higher than fulvic acid and humin, the degree of humification was high. The content of soil elements was high. There was significant positive correlation between the content of humic substance and elements, there was no obvious correlation between humin and elemens. Soil total potassium content in the supply of potassium in the fertility is markedly lower than rapidly available potassium and gentle potassium. The organic matter content in humin is low, the mechanism of humin provide fertility needs further research.