区域景观格局变化特征及人类影响因素分析--以陕西关中平原地区为例

目的分析区域景观格局及其动态变化特征，揭示人类社会发展对景观格局变化的驱动影响。方法根据关中平原地区1986-2003年土地利用详查数据资料，结合土地利用现状图，利用Mapgis6．6和Lotus1-2—3软件计算关中平原地区4地市景观偏离度、景观多样性和森林景观分离度3个指标及其变化率，并对各地市景观格局指标变化率与各地市人口和城市化增长率做回归分析。结果1986—2003年关中平原地区景观偏离度、景观类型多样性指数呈增长趋势，森林景观分离度呈降低趋势；各地市景观格局指数变化率与其人口和城市化增长率的相关系数R值均超过0．8。结论关中平原地区景观格局变化与人类社会发展速度之间有极明显的相关性，说明关中平原地区人类社会发展是景观演化的主要影响因素，规范土地利用的方式与强度是优化景观格局的有效途径。

Analysis on landscape structure change and the factors: take Guanzhong Plain, Shaanxi Province as a case

Aim To find the variational characteristics of the landscape structure in Guanzhong Plain, Shaanxi Province and to study the impact of human activity on landscape pattern. Methods Three indexes such as landscape diversity, landscape deviation and landscape isolation were chosen to analyze quantitatively the relationship between human activity and landscape structure. Results There are the following characteristics of the landscape structure in Guanzhong Plain, Shaanxi Province. Firstly, the landscape deviation was the increasing trend from 1986 to 2003. Secondly, with the increase of human activities, landscape diversity shows a tendency to increase. Thirdly, the landscape isolation of forest landscape appears to be reducing trend. Moreover, to make regression between the index variety of the landscape structure and the increase of the population and urbanization in this district, it is found that the landscape change and the society development have obvious relativity. Conclusion The result shows the human activity has obvious influence on landscape variety, and the society development is the main factor of landscape structure change. The land resource distribution is a very important mode to optimize landscape structure.