试论陶寺祭祀遗址揭示的五行历

《尧典》四仲中星说以“闰月定四时成岁”,按通常的理解,可推论出尧时使用农历;但是,《史记·五帝本记》和《史记·历书》却说黄帝“治五气”,“建立五行”,“使羲和占日”,使用的当是古西羌系统的五行历。以后九黎乱德,帝尧使复旧常,重新设立羲和之官;《山海经》也说帝尧时上射十日,说明尧时使用五行历。可见尧时使用什么历法存在争议。陶寺祭祀遗址揭示出了帝尧时的观象历法功能,当能揭开尧时历法的秘密。第一段]

The Five-Element Calendar Uncovered by the Sacrificial Relic in Taoist

The paragraph on the meridian passage of the four star groups in vernal and autumnal equinoxes and summer and winter soltices from Yaodian states that "the four seasons are fixed by the use of the intercalary month and the year is formed". Usually, this is understood as solar-lunar calendar was used in the time of Yao. But Shiji Wudi benji and Shiji Lishu say that Huangdi "managed the five qi", "established the five elements", and "commanded Xi to divine by the sun", which means that at that time the five-element calendar descended from the ancient West Qiang tribe must be used. After that the 9 Li tribes threw virtue into disorder, then Emperor Yao resumed the original rule, and reassigned the officials Xi and He. Shanhaijing also remarks that in the time of Emperor Yao, the emperor shot down 10 suns, which indicates that at the time concerned the five-element calendar was used. From this it can be seen that the calendar used in Yao's time had not been determined. The sacrificial relic in Taoist reveals that the calendaer in use is a kind of announcing seasons by astronomical observation, which can uncover the secret of calendar in Yao's time.