中国载人交会对接技术的设计与实现

中国在载人航天工程第二步第一阶段任务中,自主研制了天宫一号目标飞行器和神舟八号、神舟九号、神舟十号载人飞船,通过3次在轨飞行任务完成了8次交会、6次对接,覆盖了自动和手动等多种交会对接模式,突破并掌握了交会对接技术.从交会对接系统、交会轨道、交会测量和控制、信息传输、对接与分离、飞行方案,以及试验验证等方面对中国载人交会对接设计的技术特点、所采用的创新技术方法和解决的技术难题进行了介绍,在飞行验证的基础上分析了工程任务取得的成果,与国际水平进行了综合比较,对中国载人交会对接技术的设计和研制情况进行了总结.

Design and implementation of China＇s manned rendezvous and docking technology

In the first step of the second phase of China＇s manned space program, China independently developed ＂Tiangong-l＂, ＂Shenzhou-8＂, ＂Shenzhou-9＂ and ＂Shenzhou-10＂ spacecrafts. Through three in-orbit spaceflight missions, China successfully completed eight rendezvous and six docking missions covering various autonomous and manual modes of rendezvous and docking （RVD）, and eventually made a breakthrough and mastered the RVD technology. From the aspects of RVD system, rendezvous orbit, rendezvous measurement and control, information transmission, docking and separation, flight plan and experimental verifications, this paper introduces the technology characteristics, innovation technology methods, and technical problems solved in China＇s RVD. Based on the flight tests, this paper also analyzes the achievements made by the mission and compares them with international levels. Finally the design and development conditions of China＇ s RVD technology are summarized.