复合微生物肥料替代部分复合肥对花生生长及根际土壤微生物和理化性质的影响

通过田间小区试验，研究了不同比例的复合微生物肥料替代复合肥对花生根际土壤环境及产量的影响。结果显示，与常规施肥（100%复合肥）相比，复合微生物肥料替代量在30%~70%范围内，显著提高了苗期和成熟期花生根际土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌总量，且根际细菌和放线菌数随生育期的推移提高比例逐渐升高，而真菌数的变化趋势与之相反。同时，显著提高了苗期土壤过氧化氢酶、脱氢酶、中性磷酸酶和蔗糖酶活性，而替代量为50%和70%时降低了土壤脲酶活性，到成熟期不同替代配比均降低了土壤脲酶和蔗糖酶活性，提高了土壤脱氢酶活性，进而降低了苗期和结荚期土壤碱解氮含量而提高了全氮含量，也提高了各生育期土壤有机质和速效钾含量以及结荚期和成熟期土壤有效磷含量。当替代量为50%时，产量提高了5.23%，最终实现了养地增产的效果。

Effects of compound fertilizer partly replaced by compound microbial fertilizer on growth of peanut,microorganism and physicochemical properties in rhizosphere soil

The effects of compound fertilizer replaced by compound microbial fertilizers in different proportions on rhizosphere soil environment and yield of peanut were studied by field experiment. Results showed that, compared with conventional fertilization (100% compound fertilizer), compound fertilizer replaced from 30% to 70% by compound microbial fertilizers, significantly increased the total amount of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in rhizosphere soil of peanut at seedling and maturity stage, and the number of bacteria and actinomycetes in rhizosphere increased gradually with the growth of peanut, while the number of fungi showed the opposite tendency. Meanwhile the activities of soil catalase, dehydrogenase, neutral phosphatase and sucrase at seedling stage were significantly increased, while the activities of soil urease were decreased at 50% and 70% substitution levels. However, the activities of soil urease and sucrase were decreased, while dehydrogenase was increased at maturity stage by different substitution ratios. The content of soil alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen decreased, but the total nitrogen content increased at seedling and pod stage, meanwhile，soil organic matter and soil available potassium increased at each growth stage, and soil available phosphorus concentration at pod and mature stage. When the substitution amount was 50%, the yield was increased by 5.23%, consequently realizing the effect of increasing yield by enriched soil.