基于过程模拟的气体分馏装置HAZOP分析

气体分馏装置属于火灾、爆炸高危场所,目前常采用危险与可操作性(HAZOP)分析这种系统化、结构化危险辨识和评价方法,来识别现有和潜在的危险。而HAZOP分析本质上是一种定性方法,缺乏偏差定量化分析的依据。为了克服这个固有缺点,在传统HAZOP方法基础上,建立了基于工艺过程模拟的HAZOP方法。采用Unisim软件分别模拟了一个和多个工艺参数波动对装置特性的影响,获取实际装置操作极限状态,得到安全分析数据,实现HAZOP分析的定量化。以气体分馏装置脱丙烷塔为例,进行塔顶压力、进料量与进料温度变化的工艺过程模拟,完成了偏差和偏差后果量化分析。研究结果表明,应用该方法可提高HAZOP分析的准确性、有效性和可靠性,从而为装置安全生产管理提供依据。

HAZOP analysis of gas fractionation unit based on process simulation

Because of potential fire disaster and explosion hazard, the gas fractionation unit is highly dangerous. The existing and potential hazards are identified by hazard and operability （HAZOP） study, which is a systematic and structured approach of the hazard identification and assessment. However, HAZOP is essentially a qualitative analysis approach, which results in lack of quantitative analysis foundation of the deviation. To overcome the inherent drawbacks, the HAZOP analysis approach based on process simulation is proposed through the improvement of conventional HAZOP. The effect of one and several process parameters on unit characteristic is simulated and studied by Unisim software. As a result, the limitation operation state of the real unit is obtained and the data for safety analysis could be achieved. Therefore, the quantitative HAZOP analysis could be implemented. The process simulation-based HAZOP analysis for depropanizer of gas fractionation unit is carried out as a case study, in which the process parameters, such as overhead pressure, feed flow rate and temperature fluctuation, are simulated so that quantitative analysis of the deviation and consequence is completed. The results show that the use of the approach could improve the accuracy, effectiveness and reliability of the HAZOP analysis so as to provide foundation for safety production management of the unit.