竞争市场中的库存共享实施策略

零售商间的竞争使市场中的库存共享和转运实施变的困难,这造成极大的资源浪费.为实现竞争厂商间的库存转运共享,本文设计了一类由生产商主导的库存转运机制,进而分析转运系统的协调策略.假设市场需求随机且存在顾客转移,考虑两销售周期,针对由单生产商、两零售商组成的供应链系统.首先建立Stackelberg-Nash均衡博弈策略模型刻画供应链分销系统;其次设计生产商主导的竞争零售商主动转运机制;运用博弈分析方法分别给出分散式无转运、分散式转运及集中式转运系统的最优生产、订货、补货及转运等均衡策略;设计了一类由调货价合同、批发价合同、加盟费合同组成的组合协调机制,以实现分散式分销系统的协调及效率改进.研究及分析表明:生产商主导的协助转运机制能实现竞争零售商间的主动库存转运和共享;合理批发价、调货价、加盟费等设置下的组合协调合同能够实现供应链转运分销系统的完美协调.研究为企业科学开展库存决策提供了依据.

The implementation strategy of inventory sharing in competitive sales market

Because of the competition among retailers, it becomes difficult to share and transfer of inventory in the market, which results in a great waste of resources. In order to achieve the inventory transshipment and share among competitors, a manufacturer-oriented transshipment mechanism (referred as MOT) is designed to analyze the coordination strategy of the transshipment system by this study. Assuming that market demand is random, and there exists customer transfer, considering two sales periods, for a supply chain system of a single manufacturer and two retailers, the equilibrium game model of Stackelberg-Nash is built to characterize the supply chain distribution system first. And then, the MOT mechanism is designed to obtain the proactive transshipment among competitive retailers. The optimal equilibrium strategies of production, ordering, replenishment, transshipment, etc. of the decentralized nontransshipment, decentralized transshipment, and centralized transshipment systems are given by using the game analysis method, respectively. Lastly, a combination mechanism composing of the wholesales price contract, adjustment price contract, and franchise fee contract is designed to achieve the efficiency improvement of the decentralized supply chain system. The results show that the MOT mechanism can obtain effectively proactive transshipment among the competitive retailers. The combination mechanism under reasonable settings of the wholesale price, adjustment price, and fixed franchise fee can obtain the effective coordination of the supply chain distribution and transshipment system. Therefore, a more reasonable basis of inventory decision is provided by this study for firms.