科技政策、科研管理评论与报道

中美医学科学研究体系与管理有以下特点 :(1)资助和管理的政府机构 ,我国主要有国家科学技术部、国家自然科学基金委员会和国家卫生部 ;美国主要是国立卫生院 (NationalInstitutesofHealth ,NIH)。 (2 )项目的资助模式上 ,我国为“3+ 2”计划体系 ,即三大项目体系 (国家高技术研究发展项目计划 ,国家科技攻关计划和基础研究计划 )和两大科技平台条件建设体系 (研究开发条件建设计划和科技产业化环境建设计划 ) ,不同基金资助基础到产业化研究的不同阶段和类别 ;NIH基金按疾病领域、经费和院内、外研究机构 ,从基础、应用基础和平台条件建设以及产业化整体系统资助。 (3)管理和运行模式上 ,我国有两种模式 ,一是国家部委到地方科委再到高校和科研院所 ,二是国家部委直接到各高校和科研院所 ;NIH直接到高校和各科研院所。 (4)基金的构成特点上 ,我国医学科学研究来自三大项目和两大条件计划体系的每个部分 ,申请项目必须根据项目研究的不同性质和阶段找准计划体系中不同计划的特定资助方向 ;NIH基金系统支持医学研究的各个领域和不同研究阶段。 (5 )经费的投入上 ,我国医学科研经费投入约占总科研经费投入的 2 0 %左右 ,历年投入总和只相当于NIH一年经费的几十分之一。 (6 )规划计划上 ,NIH宏观和微观相结

The Analysis of System and Management for Medical Research between China and USA

The system and management for medical research between China and United States was analyzed,the main difference was: (1) Government Agency,There were 3 main Agencies (the Ministry of Science and Technology,the National Natural Science Foundation and Ministry of Health) supported and managed medical research in China,only National Institutes of Health (NIH) in USA. (2) Program support model,it named 3 plus 2 programs in China,i.e.,the High tech Research and Development (863) Program,National Basic Research Priorities Program,the Key Technologies Research Development Program and 2 research condition construction program. NIH supported medical research starting from basic research to small business technology transfer,supported intramural and extramural institutes. (3) Management model,there were 2 models in China,one was National government gave its instruction to province or municipality scientific research management agency,then this agency forwarded the instruction to universities or institutes,another style was National government gave its instruction or program direct to universities or institutes. NIH gave its instruction direct to universities or institutes. (4) Grants composing,medical research grants came from all parts of 3 plus 2 programs in China,and applicant must make out each kind of foundation before issuing his project. NIH supported all kinds of medical research projects. (5) Grants funding,medical research grants funding was about 20% of total research grants funding in China,and total medical research funds from all three kinds of foundation was less than NIH one year grants reward. (6) Medical research roadmap and strategy,NIH Roadmap showed molecular medicine will be the direction of future 10 years,the key points were to build future research teams and re engineering the clinical research enterprise.