茶树杂交种金观音与黄观音的选育及应用

选配铁观音（♀）与黄金桂（♂）杂交，从F1中分离单株，经20多年的试验研究与生产示范，育成综合性状优异的杂交种金观音（又名茗科1号）、黄观音，先后通过省级与国家级品种审定．两个杂交种适制鸟龙茶与绿茶，制优率高，黄观音亦适制红茶、白茶．花香明显，品质优异，超过黄金桂，香气与制优率均比铁观音高．茶多酚、氨基酸等生化成分和萜烯醇类及其氧化物、酯类、内酯类、酮类等乌龙茶香气特征成分含量丰富，金观音、黄观音的遗传性状分男ll趋向母本与父本．超亲优势强，产量高，比双亲平均增产20％至60％以上，扦插繁殖力、抗性与适应性强，超过双亲．开采期早，与黄金桂同期，分别比铁观音提早13d与10d左右．适宜在福鼎大白茶的适栽区域推广．

BREEDING AND APPLICATION OF TWO TEA HYBRID JINGUANYIN AND HUANGGUANYIN

Two superior varieties, Jinguanyin （ or Mingke 1 ） and Huangguanyin, were bred from the F1 of Tieguanyin x Huangjingui after 20 years of seedling selection, strain comparison tests, adaptability tests and cultivation demonstration. The two varieties have been successively appraised in the provincial and state level, The two varieties are suitable for processing oolong tea and green tea. And Huangguanyin is also suitable for processing black tea and white tea. They have strong fragrance and their qualities are better than that of Huangjingui. Their aroma and percentage of processing superior tea are higher than that of Tieguanyin. Their biochemical contents, polyphenols, amino acids, and characteristic aroma components of oolong tea, such as terpenols and their oxides, esters, lactones and ketones are rich. The genetic traits of Jinguanyin and Huangguanyin are similar to female and male parent, respectively. The two varieties have high over - parent betero- sis ,the average yields are 20% - 60% higher than that of their parents. Their propagation ability, antireversion and environmental adaptability are significantly higher than that of their parents. They are early sprouting clones; the plucking time is similar to that of Huangjingui, and about 13d and 10d respectively earlier than that of Tieguanyin. The two varieties are suitable to be extended in the area of Fuding Dabaicha.