碛口古镇聚落与民居形态初探

从历史发展状况、选址、群体布局、建筑风格和装饰艺术等方面介绍了碛口古镇建筑的特点,并分析了碛口古镇作为商业中转集镇的独特之处。碛口古镇兴起于明末清初,鼎盛于清康乾时期,是当时著名的商贸中心、水陆运输中转中心。在选址与布局方面,碛口古镇具备3方面的特征:1.镇子的走向,使其形成了商业流通的序列;2.镇子的位置,使其获得了充足的日照和良好的景观;3.村落的布置、院落组织与山形互相呼应,形成较好的街道排水条件。碛口古镇民居形态特征鲜明,为砖窑与木构相结合。砖木结构的窑洞建筑的表现形式主要是在砖窑外侧加上木构架檐廊,或者在砖窑的顶部加建木构架的房屋。建筑形式多以砖拱顶(窑洞)明柱厦檐四合院为主。

Analysis on Morphology of Collective Hamlet and Popular Residences in Qikou Town

This paper introducts the features of Qikou town of classical learning from historical development,such as location selection,overall,arrangement,architectural style and decoration.It also analyses the Qikou town as a unique commercial relay market town.Qikou town rise in in early Ching dynasty,rose vigorous in Qing,to turn into a business center,and a land-and-water conveyance center.In the aspects of choosing the address and layout,Qikou the ancient town have three characteristics of the aspects:firstly,the alignment of the town,make the sequence that it became business to circulate;secondly,the position of the town,make it acquire ample sunshine with the good view;thirdly,the decoration,the courtyard organization and the mountain form of the small village take concerted action,becoming the better street catchment condition.In Qikouthe the ancient town residence have the appearance fresh and clear,are the kiln with brick and the wood to combine together.The manifestation of the brick wood kiln mainly is bricle kiln plus wood frame gallery,or adding the wood frame in the coping of the brick kiln.Their construct form mainly is the brick dome plus clear pillars closed yard.