自由感——康德美学的经验之维

在康德美学中，审美自由以自由感的形式出现。自由感为自然人向自由人的过渡提供了一个重要的契机，为先验自由和实践自由在心理经验层面上的实在性提供了一个感性的基础。自由感作为审美情感的一个重要特征，在康德以前都有着很长时间的发展历史，不过，是康德第一次提升了自由感的理论内涵。自由感是指人们在审美经验中体会到的自由愉悦，但又与感官的快感和道德感不同，是一种纯粹的情感，即与客体对象实际存在无关的无利害感。这种无利害的自由感在康德美学中有着自己特定的内涵：知性和想像力的自由游戏和天才的自由创造。

Sense of Freedom -Experiential Dimension of Kantian Aesthetics

In Kantian aesthetics, aesthetic freedom appears in the form of sense of freedom. Sense of freedom provides an important opportunity for the transition from a natural person to a free person and provides a perceptual basis for the reality of transcendental and practical freedom, which is on the level of psychological experience. As an important feature of aesthetic emotion, sense of freedom had already had a very long history of development before Kant＇s times, but it was Kant who enhanced the theoretical connotations of sense of freedom for the first time. Sense of freedom refers to the pleasure of freedom which people appreciate in aesthetic experiences, but it is different from the pleasure of the senses and moral sense, it is a kind of pure emotion, i.e. a kind of disinterested sense which has nothing to do with the actual existence of object. This kind of disinterested sense of freedom has its own specific meaning in Kantian aesthetics： free games of intellectuality and imagination, and free creation of genius.