重庆武隆喀斯特地貌及其演化

重庆武隆喀斯特是亚热带喀斯特中山峡谷喀斯特的典型代表.由分水岭到乌江河谷地势高差达2 000 m,在新构造持续抬升和大河强烈下切的背景下,各地貌单元的响应存在着时间和空间上的巨大差异,形成各自不同的喀斯特地貌类型和组合特点,因而出现了不同发育阶段地貌并存的局面:河谷地带对构造响应迅速,因溯源侵蚀作用,普遍发育峡谷地貌,两岸常形成多级洞穴层;高分水岭地区,地貌回春影响小,地面以常态的面状侵蚀作用为主;中间过度地带喀斯特化程度最高,总体上具有喀斯特地貌发育青年期阶段的特点.武隆喀斯特不仅完美地展现出多样性的中山峡谷喀斯特地貌发育特点,更是研究流域喀斯特系统演化规律的良好场所.

Geomorphic Evolution of the Wulong Karst in Chongqing City

As a representative of mid-mountain gorge karst landscape in south China,the Wulong Karst sites are characterized by complex surface and underground water systems,thick carbonate strata and a deep vadose zone.In the area,typical subtropical karst landforms are well developed and widely distributed.Because of the special conditions of tectonic activity and bedrock stratigraphy,both old and young karst geomorphic structures exist throughout the 2000m altitude range in Wulong,and these structures are regularly distributed in order at different zones.In high elevation mountain ranges,the ancient karst can be preserved well due to less effect of erosion cycles.In contrast,under the influence of erosion cycles around low elevation valley areas,strongly down cutting of rivers lead to formation of typical karst canyons.The variety of distribution and combination karst geomorphic features can reflect the evolution history of karstification processes.Therefore,the Wulong site is an excellent region for observing phenomena and studying mechanism of geomorphic evolution and karst hydrology.