公民社会方法论的自由主义与共同体主义

20世纪80、90年代,在政治哲学领域掀起了一场自由主义与共同体主义的学术论战,争论的焦点是:权利优先于善,还是善优先于权利.这反映了双方政治价值观的内在差异,即个人的自由、尊严与共同体的公共利益、公共善哪个更重要.但是,通过梳理争论双方的立场、论证逻辑与结论,可以看出,自由主义与共同体主义只是建设好的公民社会的两种策略,或者可以称之为公民社会方法论的自由主义和共同体主义.这场争论一定程度上反映出西方自由主义面临的现实危机,通过反思自由主义,可以大大增进我们对于公民社会的理解.

Methodological Liberalism and Communalism in Civil Society

In the 1980s and 1990s,an academic debate breaks out between liberalism and communalism in the area of political philosophy.The debate is focused on whether rights take precedence over good or good take precedence over the rights.The debate reflects the inherent value differences between individual freedom and the public interests.However,the position,logic and conclusion of both sides show that they are two kinds of policies which can be called methodological liberalism and Communalism in civil society.The dispute reflects the crisis of western liberalism and can enrich our understanding of civil society.