天然植物成分对几种植物病原真菌的抑制作用

研究了洋葱、大葱、大蒜、韭菜等１０余种植物组织的挥发性成分和水溶性浸出液对立枯丝核菌、茄腐镰孢霉、细交链孢霉和大丽轮枝菌菌丝生长、分生孢子萌发以及侵染离体植物组织的影响。结果表明：在供试植物组织中，大蒜鳞茎的挥发性成分对立枯丝核菌、茄腐镰孢霉和大丽轮枝菌３种真菌菌丝生长及分生孢子萌发均具有明显的抑制作用，抑菌率分别为５７．６％，６７．２％和５５．８％；同时，大蒜鳞茎的浸出液对立枯丝核菌和大丽轮枝菌菌丝生长包括分生孢子萌发也均表现出较强的抑制作用，抑菌率在５３．２％以上。而韭菜叶片浸出液对茄腐镰孢霉和细交链孢霉菌丝生长及分生孢子萌发均显示出强烈的抑制作用，抑菌率在６７．２％以上。利用大蒜鳞茎和韭菜叶片浸出液抑制４种病原真菌侵染黄瓜、番茄、马铃薯、茄子和辣椒离体组织，获得了良好效果，抑菌率最低的为３２．５％，最高的为６８．６％。

Inhibition of Natural Plant Compounds against Plant Pathogenic Fungi

Effect of natural compounds from Common onion, Welsh onion, garlic, Chinese leek and some other plants on the hypha growth, conidium germination, and infection of Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium solani, Alternaria alternata, and Verticillium dahliae to some plants tissues, were determined with PDA plate and cellulose membrane technique. The experimental results indicated that the volatile compounds from garlic bulb had the strongest inhibition on hypha growth of Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium solani, and Verticillium dahliae, the inhibitory rates were 57.6%, 67.2% and 55.8%, respectively. The water soluble exudates from garlic bulb showed the notable inhibition on the hypha growth and conidium germiation of Rhizoctonia solani and Verticillium dahliae, while the ones from Chinese leek showed remarkable restraint to Fusarium solani and Alternaria alternata. Using the water soluble exudates from garlic and Chinese leek could strikingly reduce the infection of 4 species of pathogenic fungi to cucumber,