垃圾填埋场人造湿地植物和土壤主要特性

 通过对瓦房店生活垃圾填埋场人造湿地中的芦苇、野大豆、水稻、酸模和艾草等主要植物及土壤进行研究，测定植物覆盖度、生物量、氮含量和土壤粒径组成、不同粒径和不同区土壤氮和碳含量，确定环境适应能力强、覆盖度高、根系发达和含氮量低的植物，作为人造湿地建成初期重点栽培的湿地植物，以便待湿地维护调理成熟后，将其用于处理垃圾渗滤液；分析湿地未处理污水的土壤相关性状，为污水处理方案的设计提供参数。结果表明，① 酸模、芦苇和艾草的覆盖度、茎叶和根生物量显著高于其他植物（P<0.05）；② 0~0.2、0.2~0.9和0.9~4.0mm粒径土壤的质量分数分别为4.59%、19.00%和36.18%；③ 0.9~4.0mm粒径土壤氮和碳含量显著低于其他两种粒径土壤（P<0.05）；④ 芦苇区土壤氮和碳含量显著高于其他区土壤（P<0.05）。由此得出结论，酸模、芦苇和艾草可作为人造湿地处理污水的主要植物；0.9~4.0mm粒径土壤应是该湿地基质中用于处理污水的重要组成部分；芦苇对土壤中氮和碳的吸收量不高，应与相关植物混种，以达到较好的处理效果。

Main Characteristics of Plants and Soil in Constructed Wetland by Landfill

The purpose of the research is to select and cultivate plants with strong adaptability to environment, high coverage, well-developed root system, low nitrogen content during the initial construction days of the constructed wetland, and these wetland plants will be used for treatment of landfill leachate after the wetland is constructed. The main characteristics of soil before treatment are analyzed, and the parameters obtained will provide some reference for the design of sewage treatment. The plants selected are Phragmites communis, Glycine soja, Oryza sativa, Rumex acetosa and Artemisia argyi, and the soil is on a constructed wetland in Wafangdian Municipal Landfill. The cover degree, biomass, nitrogen content of those plants, particle size composition of the soil, nitrogen and carbon contents of the soil in different size and different plant areas were analyzed. The results show that: (1) The cover degree, stem-leaf and root biomass of Rumex acetosa, Phragmites communis and Artemisia argyi are significantly higher than those of others (P<0.05). (2) The weight percentage contents of the soil with the diameter of 0~0.2, 0.2~0.9 and 0.9~4.0mm were about 4.59%, 19.00% and 36.18%.(3) The nitrogen and carbon contents of the soil where Phragmites communis grows are significantly higher than those of others (P<0.05). (4) The nitrogen and carbon contents of the soil with the diameter of 0.9~4.0mm are significantly lower than those of others (P<0.05). It is concluded that Rumex acetosa, Phragmites communis and Artemisia argyi should be further cultivated, and used for sewage treatment as the main wetland plants; the soil with the diameter of 0.9~4.0mm will become the main part of the matrix for the sewage treatment; Phragmites communis does not require very high contents of nitrogen and carbon, so it should be mixed with the related plant species in order to achieve a better treatment results.