铁皮石斛“岩上仙”基本营养成分分析

铁皮石斛是名贵的中药材之一,含有丰富的营养成分。分析了春季和秋季收获的三年生仿野生栽培的铁皮石斛“岩上仙”茎和叶的水分、可溶性蛋白质、总蛋白质、粗纤维、脂肪、多糖、矿物质元素和氨基酸的含量。检测结果表明,与春季相比,秋季石斛茎中的水分(863.10mg/g)、多糖(289.90mg/g)、铁(71.10mg/kg)和硒(1.07mg/kg)质量分数较高；与茎相比,叶中的多糖质量分数虽然较低(秋季叶中多糖质量分数为162.30mg/g),但叶中有较高的可溶性蛋白质(4.20mg/g)、总蛋白质(67.03mg/g)、粗纤维(204.60mg/g)和脂肪(14.70mg/g),且氨基酸含量也明显高于茎,其中天冬氨酸和谷氨酸的质量分数最高,分别达到13.60mg/g和13.80mg/g。由此可见,不仅铁皮石斛的茎具有多种营养成分,而且叶也具有一定的营养价值,该资源不容忽视。

Analysis of Basic Nutritional Components in Dendrobium officinale

Dendrobium officinale is one of the valuable Chinese herbal medicines which is rich in nutrients. In this study, the contents of water, soluble protein, total protein, crude fiber, fat, total sugar, mineral and amino acids in stems and leaves of D. officinale for two seasons were determined. The results showed that the contents of water (863.10mg/g), polysaccharide (289.90mg/g), iron (71.10mg/kg), and selenium (1.07mg/kg) were much higher than that of stems in autumn. Compared with stems, the content of polysaccharides in leaves was lower (the autumn leaf content was 162.30mg/g), but there were a higher soluble protein (4.20mg/g), total protein (67.03mg/g), crude fiber (204.60mg/g) and fat (14.70mg/g) in leaves. In addition, the content of amino acids in leaves was significantly higher than that in stems, and aspartic acid and glutamic acid contents were the highest, reaching to 13.60mg/g and 13.80mg/g, respectively. So the leaves had a certain nutrition value. Therefore, D. officinale can be used as a medicinal material for further research and development.