美国弗吉尼亚州入侵植物入侵性、克隆性和分布生境研究

为了探讨入侵克隆植物入侵性与其克隆性之间的相关性,对美国弗吉尼亚州109种外来入侵植物进行了相关研究,结果表明:克隆植物有59种,占入侵植物总数的54.1%,且多数可通过根茎、分蘖等方式进行繁殖。入侵性最强的物种、较强的物种、较弱的物种分别占入侵植物总数的30.3%、44%、25.7%,其中克隆植物所占比例依次为:48.5%、56.3%和57.1%。上述入侵植物多为1~2年生草本、多年生草本、灌木和藤本类入侵植物,禾本科、豆科和菊科等科植物占据多数,多生长分布在光照充足、水分适宜的生境。上述结果表明,弗吉尼亚州入侵植物的克隆性可能促进了其入侵性,多数入侵植物具有较强的生境占据能力。

INVASIVENESS,CLONALITY AND HABITAT OF ALIEN INVASIVE PLANT IN VIRGINIA OF AMERICA

The invasiveness of alien invasive clonal plants might be affected by their clonality. The 109 alien invasive plants in Virginia of America were analyzed. The results showed that there are 59 invasive clonal plants （54.1%）, whose mainly reproductive types were stolon and tiller. The percentage of the strongest invasiveness plants, the stronger invasiveness plants, the weaker invasiveness plants in all invasive plants are 30.3%, 44%and 25.7%, with clonal plants accounting for 48.5%, 56.3%, 57.1%respectively. Most of invasive plants were annual or biennial herbs, perennial herbs, shrub and vine, which belonged to Gramineae, Leguminosae and Compositae mainly. The majority of invasive plants distributed in adequate lighting and wet habitats. Data mentioned above indicated that clonality of the invasive plants in Virginia may be contributed significantly to their invasiveness, and most of invasive plants had strong ability of occupying habitat.