国外科技创新治理的典型政策工具运用实践及启示

 当前，科学技术诸多领域在交叉汇聚过程中呈现多源爆发，科技创新资源分配向多主体参与协商的方式转变，主要国家积极构建科学、高效的科技创新治理体系应对变化。中国科技创新治理尚处于初级阶段，国际经验研究对提高中国的科技创新治理能力具有重要参考价值。围绕国际科技创新治理所涉及的重要方面--风险预警、国民协商、公私合作、政策组合、创新监管以及智慧专业化等，分析了运用有关典型政策工具实现前瞻性规划、多元主体共治、多方利益共享、优化创新资源配置、高风险技术应用监管、科技创新驱动区域发展等治理实践，为中国科技创新治理体系的科学构建提供经验。

Practice of using emerging policy tools to improve governance ability of science and technology innovation in foreign countries

At present, multi-source outbreak appears in the process of cross convergence in many fields of science and technology. Allocation of scientific and technological innovation resources is changing to the way of multi-body participation in consultation. Major countries have actively built a scientific and efficient scientific and technological innovation governance system to cope with the change. In this article, we focus on the important aspects of international science and technology innovation governance, including risk early warning, national consultation, public-private partnership, policy combination, innovation supervision, and smart specialization. Moreover, typical policy tools such as forward-looking planning, multiagent cogovernance, multiparty benefit sharing, optimization of innovation resource allocation, high-risk technology application supervision, and science and technology innovation driven regional development are investigated. The practice abroad can provide the experience for the scientific construction of China's science and technology innovation governance system.