盐湖卤水提锂技术及产业化发展

 据美国地质调查局2020年最新统计，已查明的世界锂资源量为8000万t，其中59%锂资源分布在盐湖中，寻找不同类型盐湖的提锂技术亟待解决。根据盐湖卤水中锂和其他伴生离子赋存特征，综述了沉淀法、膜法、萃取法、盐梯度太阳池法、吸附法等盐湖提锂技术发展现状，总结了锂资源生产流程，探讨了各种方法对不同镁锂比盐湖的适应性及优势。研究发现，盐湖提锂不能按照单一方法进行，要根据不同盐湖赋存类型进行提锂工艺的选择。沉淀法已经在低镁锂比盐湖中经过工业化生产验证；吸附法是目前在高镁锂比盐湖中综合效果最为理想的提锂技术，其吸附容量高、一步直接提锂、循环性能高、稳定性强；天然矿物改性吸附法是未来盐湖提锂产业化应重点关注的方向。

Development of lithium extraction technology and industrialization in brines of salt lake

According to the latest statistics from the United States Geological Survey in 2020, the world has identified 80 million tons of lithium resources, of which 59% are distributed in salt lakes. This article reviews the development status of lithium extraction technology in salt lakes, and summarizes production processes of lithium resources. The adaptability and advantages of various extraction methods are explored with respect to different of magnesium to lithium ratios in salt lakes. It is found that lithium extraction in salt lakes cannot be carried out using a single method and selection of lithium extraction process should be based on different types of salt lakes. The precipitation method in low magnesium to lithium ratio salt lakes has been proven by industrial production while in high magnesium to lithium ratio salt lakes adsorption method is currently the most ideal extraction technology in terms of comprehensive effects, including high adsorption capacity, one-step direct extraction of lithium, high cycle performance and strong stability. Of all these methods, the natural mineral modified adsorption method should be the focus of future industrialization of lithium lake salt extraction.