河南黄河-洛河地区地貌结构与特征

运用河流阶地发育与地文期的理论分析了豫西黄河—洛河地区的地质背景、气候特点和古地理环境,探讨了研究区的石山、黄土和河流地貌特征。提出:1)嵩山、熊耳山和外方山发育有四级古夷平面。嵩山的垂直地貌特征表现为以嵩山为中心,呈中山、低山、丘陵和河谷平原的地貌格区。2)河洛地区三门峡孟津段黄河有四级阶地,均为基座阶地。第Ⅰ级阶地面拔河20 m,厚度2 m,上覆10 m厚黄土,其中冲积黄土厚5 m;第Ⅱ级阶地面河拔60 m,砾石层河拔40 m,厚度3 m,上覆8 m厚的冲积黄土和12 m厚的马兰黄土;第Ⅲ级阶地面河拔140 m,厚5 m,上覆20 m厚的冲积黄土和25 m厚的马兰黄土;第Ⅳ级阶地面河拔290 m,其通过黄土台塬、黄土丘陵与石质山地相连。Ⅰ—Ⅳ级阶地的基座均为Q_1三门组和Q_2陕县组地层。以最高一级阶地的出现为依据,说明本段黄河形成于晚更新世早中期,较兰州段黄河和晋陕段黄河晚。3)洛河有三级阶地,第Ⅰ级阶地面距河面5～25 m,砾石层上有8～10 m厚的冲洪积、坡积红色松散物;第Ⅱ级阶地面距河面50～65 m,砾石层上有15～20 m的洪积物覆盖;第Ⅲ级阶地面河拔95～115 m,砾石层厚20 m左右,其上覆盖5 m厚的洪积、坡积及5 m厚的马兰黄土。4)在研究颖水河谷平原(登封盆地)河流阶地地貌时,发现塑造盆地的堆积阶地有三级,距河面高程分别是300～320,370～400,450～500 m。在伊洛河下游盆地,有非常发育的河曲,是黄河中下游平原地貌长期发育和演化的产物。5)突破已有看法,认为可把范围在郑州以西、汜水镇以东,荥阳县城以北至黄河河岸的大片地区划分为残塬成因的黄土地形。

Structure and characteristics of geomorphology in the area between Huanghe River and Luohe River in Henan province

Based on the theory of river terrace development and physiography,the geological characteristics, climate,and paleo-geographical environment of the Huanghe and Luohe area in western Henan were analyzed, and the structure and characteristics of the stone mountainous landform,loess and fluvial geomorphology were observed and studied.The research results indicate that:1) There are four planation surfaces developed in Songshan,Xiong'ershan and Waifangshan Mountains.Songshan shows the vertical geomorphologic cha...