政策工具视角下中国重大科技基础设施政策量化研究

伴随着新一轮科技革命和产业变革深入发展，科学研究正不断向更深层次发展，对精度更高、功能更强的重大科技基础设施建设提出了更高的要求。设施建设的高投入、高风险和回报周期长等特征使其更为依赖政策扶持和政府参与。因此本研究基于LDA模型和政策工具视角，构建了一个包含基本政策工具、设施双重属性特征在内的政策二维分析框架，对我国颁布的设施相关政策文件进行量化，以此分析我国现有政策实施情况。研究发现，现有政策文本中，环境型政策工具的使用频率在设施相关政策工具中最高，政府仍需加强政策执行精准度及力度，提高落地效能；此外，需求型政策工具的运用有待加强，可以通过激励机制和完善海外机构政策，促进用户推广和国际合作。最后，建议政府在完善设施政策顶层部署的同时应建立评估机制推动设施政策持续优化。

Quantitative Research on Large Research Infrastructure Policies in China from the Perspective of Policy Tools

As the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation deepens, scientific research is continuously advancing to deeper levels, placing higher demands on the construction of large research infrastructures (LRI) with greater precision and enhanced functionality. The characteristics of high investment, high risk, and long return cycles in LRI construction make it more reliant on policy support and government involvement. Therefore, based on the LDA model and the perspective of policy tools, this paper constructs a two-dimensional analysis framework of policies including basic policy tools and dual attribute characteristics of LRI. It quantifies the LRI policy documents promulgated in China to analyze the current state of policy implementation in our country. The study finds that the policy tools that are most frequently used in existing policy documents regarding LRI are environment-based policy tools. The government still needs to strengthen the efforts and precision in policy implementation and improve policy efficacy. In addition, the application of demand-based policy tools can be enhanced. This can be achieved by incentivizing mechanisms and improving policies regarding overseas institutions to promote user adoption and international cooperation. Finally, it is recommended that the government, while improving the top-level planning of LRI policies, should establish an evaluation mechanism to drive the continuous optimization of LRI policies.