岭南乡村“海绵”措施的宏观归纳分析

以广东省历史文化名村名镇及传统村落为着眼点, 分析并归纳岭南乡村传统海绵措施的类型及特征。首先提取各个村落与海绵措施相关的五大特征信息: 基于Google Earth航拍图, 记录各个村落的聚落形态和水系分布; 基于广东省30 m精度的DEM, 在ArcGIS中提取广东省的地形与河网、各个村落的高程并进行淹没分析; 基于地区降雨水平, 判断村落所在区位的降雨强度。然后, 对特征信息赋予特征编码, 将5个特征编码输入SPSS进行聚类分析, 对174个村子进行分层分类, 归纳每一类的特点和防洪优势, 总结得到岭南乡村常见的借势、缓蓄、利导、强排4种海绵措施。根据研究结果, 对未来岭南地区的防洪建设和设计提出建议。

Categorization on Sponge Measurements in Lingnan Rural Area

Focusing on historic, cultural and old villages in Guangdong Province, the authors extract and synthesize features and information on sponge measures applied by local villages. Based on aerial map on Google Earth, the pattern of the settlement and water system are observed and categorized. Based on 30 m DEM picture of Guangdong Province in ArcGIS, landscape and the graded water system of the whole province and the elevations of all villages are extracted, followed by inundation analysis. The level of the rain intensity in different parts of the province is also considered. 5 features are coded and input into SPSS. By hierarchical cluster analysis, the villages are classified. The study generalizes the sponge measures of all classifications and concludes with 4 kinds of sponge measures in villages in Lingnan area: terrain utilization, slowed runoff through impoundment, strategically directed runoff, and forced drainage. Suggestions are proposed to promote the application of traditional ecophronesis in modern urban practices in Linghan area.