基于生态保护加权的普达措国家公园功能分区研究

目的 国家公园是中国最重要的自然保护地类型之一,合理的功能区划有利于更好地保护和利用自然资源,实现其多目标科学管理,对保护生物多样性和促进生态文明有着重要意义。方法 以香格里拉普达措国家公园自然生态系统的重要保护级别为主权重值,权衡农业、社区、交通、人口等因子对重要生态系统保护目标的影响,利用权重空间叠置法进行空间分析,划分国家公园功能分区,并评价其合理性。结果 ①采用基于重要生态系统保护目标权重的空间叠置法对国家公园进行功能分区,在确定生态保护目标重要性的同时权衡了公园相关利益主体的影响和需求,达到了保护和发展兼顾的目的;②根据分区结果,普达措国家公园划分为2个主要的功能分区,其中,核心保护区占总面积的53.35%,一般控制区占46.65%;核心区内重要生态系统占比高,分布集中,得到了有效保护,分区结果较为合理;③普达措的功能分区结果既能保护亚高山重要的暗针叶林生态系统,也增强了功能分区的科学性和可操作性。结论 研究结果可为国家公园建设规划和保护利用提供理论依据,为自然保护地功能分区方法提供参考与借鉴。

Functional zoning of Potatso National Park by ecological protection weighting

【Objective】 National parks are one of the most important types of nature reserves in China. The reasonable functional zoning is conducive to better protect and utilize natural resources, to realize its multi-objective scientific management, and is important for protecting biodiversity and promoting ecological civilization significance. 【Methods】 In this study, the important protection level of the natural ecosystem in Potatso National Park was taken as the principal weight, and the effects of agriculture, community, transportation, population and other factors on the protection objectives of important ecosystems were weighted. The weight spatial overlap method was used for a spatial analysis, in which the functional zoning of the national park was divided, and its rationality was evaluated.【Results】 ① The spatial overlap method based on the weight of important ecological system protection goals was used to partition the national park in Shangri-La. While determining the importance of the ecological protection objectives, the impacts and demands of the park’s stakeholders were balanced to achieve the goal of both protection and development. ② According to the results of the zoning, Potatso National Park was divided into two main functional zones; the core protection area accounted for 53.35% and the general control area accounted for 46.65% of the total area. The important ecosystems in the core area accounted for a high proportion, high concentration, effective protection, and reasonable zoning results. ③ The Potatso’s functional zoning resulted in not only protection of the important sub-alpine dark coniferous forest ecosystem, but also in the enhancement of the scientific nature and functional zoning operability.【Conclusion】 The research results provide a theoretical basis for the construction, planning, protection and utilization of national parks, and a reference for the application of the functional zoning method of nature reserves.