复杂性与社会分化——卢曼社会系统理论研究

在卢曼看来,社会系统总是处于极端的复杂状态,同时也处于一种复杂化的过程之中。系统的复杂性征使其在面对环境的影响时,出现各种内在的危机和各种不平衡现象,并产生一系列的运作难题,使社会系统无法以其原来对付环境的原则进行实际运作,迫使社会系统不断地进行复杂性的化约和自我的区分化以化解危机,而社会系统也在此一过程中实现自身的演化和进化。

Complexity and Social Differentiation

In Luhmann's view,the social system is always in a state of extreme complexity,and in a complicated process as well.The complexity of the system results in the emergence of various crises and internal imbalances,and brings about a series of operational problems while in the face of its environmental impact,which make the social system can not deal with the environment in its original principles.All the things force the social system continuously carrying out the simplification of the complexity and self-differentiation to defuse the crisis.At the same time,social system fulfils their evolution in this process.