电镜观察萎缩性胃炎超微结构及病理研究

扫描电镜可见,正常胃粘膜表面上皮细胞排列整齐,紧密;细胞大小基本一致,呈圆形或椭圆形;细胞表面有微绒毛,似鹅卵石样外观,细胞与细胞之间间隙大小基本一致;而萎缩性胃炎胃小凹由圆形变成大小不等、形态各异的多边形,沟形;胃小凹之间的隆起高低不等,分布不均,呈山峰状或桥状;细胞增生呈结节状,细胞脱落呈网状,微绒毛增多增长,呈地毯样外观;在透射电镜下可见主细胞少,分泌颗粒减少,粗面内质网扩张,线粒体肿胀,脊消失,壁细胞几乎看不到.肠化生后有杯状细胞.病理分析认为:导致萎缩性胃炎组织结构病变的根本原因在于胃粘膜防御系统受破坏后,胃壁细胞泌酸机能受到干扰,粘膜细胞大量破坏,增生所致.

STUDY ON THE ULTRASTRUCTURES OF ATROPHIC GASTRITIS USING AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPE

The ultrastructures of atrophic gastritis have been studied by scanning electron microscopy. From the micrographs, it has been observed that in the case of normal epitheliums of gastric mucous membranes, the cells are arranged regularly and compactly with similar spheric or elliptic form and homogeneous sizes, and there are microscopic villus in the stone-like cell surface. On the contrary, in the case of atrophic gastritis, the gastric foveolae are of polygonal and ditch forms; the bumps between the gastric foveolae have different heights and are distributed non-uniformly in mountain peak or bridge form; the cell hyperplasia is of a tuberculated form; the cell exfoliation is of a net form; the microscopic villus is increased in the carpet form; there are less chief cells and the granular glands are decreased; the endoplasmic reticula on rough surface are expanded; the mitochondria are swelled; the ridges are disapeared; the parietal cells are hardly observed; and after intestinal metaplasia there are goblet cells. From pathological analysis, it has been found that the principal reason for the pathological changes come from the fact that after destruction of the defensing system of the gastric mucous membrane, the acid-secretion function of the gastric parietal cells is interfered and the mucous cells are destroyed and hyperplasia occurs heavily.