海洋牧场生物资源养护原理与技术

生物资源养护是现代化海洋牧场建设的最核心内容,是一个复杂的系统工程。目前我国有关海洋牧场生物资源养护的理论基础较弱,制约了我国现代化海洋牧场建设的技术进步。本文将海洋牧场生物资源养护分为资源恢复工程和保护管理工程两部分。资源恢复工程包括增殖放流和自然增殖,强调了增殖放流活动应该有利于海洋牧场生态系统的食物网结构优化,增殖放流前应该进行增殖潜力评估；自然增殖应该注重海洋无脊椎动物幼虫附着变态机理研究与重要经济动物产卵场恢复技术研发。在保护管理工程部分,重点论述了栖息地修复与保护、生物资源调查与监测、生物资源评估与预测、生物资源科学采捕四部分内容。最后,作者提出了我国海洋牧场生物资源养护的建议与对策,包括加强基础理论和关键技术装备研究、协调好生物资源-修复设施-海洋环境三者之间的关系、加强多学科交叉合作、加强政府部门、科研单位和企业之间合作。

Principles and technology of biological resources maintenance in marine ranching

Biological resource maintenance is the core of modern marine ranch construction, and it is a complex systematic project. To date, the theoretical basis for maintenance on marine ranching biological resources in China is relatively weak, hampering technological progress of modern marine ranch construction. Here, present study defines that the maintenance of marine ranch biological resources should consists of two parts: resource restoration project and conservation management project. The resource restoration project includes artificial enhancement releasing and natural proliferation, in which we emphasize that artificial enhancement releasing should be conducive to the optimization of food web structure in marine ranch ecosystem and should be taken place only after a scientific assessment on proliferative potential in this ecosystem; we also highlight that future studies on natural proliferation should pay more attention to the metamorphosis mechanism of marine invertebrates as well as the recovery technology of spawning grounds for some economically important species. In the part of conservation management project, present study discusses on four parts covering from habitat restoration and protection, biological resource investigation and monitoring, biological resource assessment and prediction, to scientific harvesting of biological resources. As an outlook of this study, some suggestions and countermeasures were proposed for biological resource maintenance in current Chinese marine ranches, including strengthening researches on basic theories and key technical equipment, coordinating the relationship between biological resources- restoring facilities- marine environment, strengthening multidisciplinary cooperation, and improving collaboration between government departments- research institutes- enterprises.