油菜遗传转化方法的研究进展

主要对油菜外植体类型、筛选标记、转化方法、作物改良及其成果进行了综述，并对转基因油菜存在的问题和前景进行了探讨．研究发现，现阶段油菜转基因仍存在局限性，主要表现在：1）转化受体再生周期长，转化过程繁琐，转化效率低；2）外源基因表达不确定，遗传不稳定，基因沉默现象有待解决；3）转基因油菜对人类健康和生态环境可能存在不利影响及不确定性的风险，应进行科学评估，且需建立更完善的相关法律法规．同时，应继续发展及利用油菜转基因以满足人们的需求，特别是利用油菜生产能源替代品——生物柴油，前景广阔．

Progress of gene transformation methods in rapeseed

It was reviewed the rapeseed explant types,selection markers,transformation methods,the influence factors of regeneration systems and its applications in rapeseed breeding were discussed.It was also mentioned the problems and development in the future of rapeseed transformation.It was found that there were still limitations in the transformation of rapeseeds through the published papers and establishment of transformation system of rapeseeds.Firstly,the process of receptor regeneration was a long period and the frequency of gene transformation was low.Secondly,the introduced gene might be silent and the expression of transferred gene would unstable in the progeny.Thirdly,the scientific evaluation should be made about the bad influence of transgenic rapeseed to human heath and the natural environment.Moreover,more complete law and rule should be made to supervise the environment release of transgenic plants.At the same time,it should meet the needs of people by modifying the trait of rapeseeds.Furthermore,there would be a wide foreground to produce the substitute of energy source by introducing special gene into rapeseed plants.