农药残留问题的过去、现在和将来

 农产品中的农药残留是食品安全的一个重要方面。化学农药自1938年开始在世界上推广应用,20世纪50年代末农药残留问题凸现。1962年出版的Silent Spring一书揭开了农药残留问题的序幕。随着农药毒理学的发展,食品中农药残留也越来越引起社会的重视。食品中最大农药残留限量(MRL)标准,从20世纪60年代到21世纪10年代的60年间下降了100倍。本文从急性参考剂量(ARfD)毒性评估标准的出现、农药毒理学的发展、同类农药的累积毒性、农药手性化合物的毒性差异等方面,讨论未来农药残留面临的新挑战。提出风险评估、探明污染源、清洁化生产、无公害治理等可作为农产品中农药残留的主要阻控技术。

Overview on the Problem of Pesticide Residues

Pesticide residue in agricultural products is an important aspect in food safety. The application of chemical pesticide in the agriculture was begun since 1938 and the pesticide residue problem was emerged in the end of 1950's. The publication of the "Silent Spring" written by Rachal Carson in 1962 revealed the prologue of pesticide residue. It was paid more attention in the world with the development of pesticide toxicology. The MRL of pesticide residue in food was decreased around 100 times in the 60 years period between the sixties of last century and 2010. The new challenge of pesticide residue in the future was discussed by the author from the aspects of the adoption of acute reference dose (ARfD) in the toxicity assessment, the development of pesticide toxicology, the accumulative toxicology of various pesticides and the difference of toxicology in chiral compounds of pesticide. The risk assessment, the revealing of contamination source and the cleaning production were put forward by the author as the major techniques in controlling of pesticide residue in agricultural products.