火炸药静电性能研究进展

 火炸药静电性能是评估火炸药在静电环境中安全性的重要参数,静电感度和静电积累量的研究对减少火炸药静电事故的发生有着重大的意义.本文从多个方面对火炸药静电性能的研究进展进行了综述.在静电火花感度方面,分析了测试方法中各种因素对测试结果的影响;讨论了火炸药静电火花感度与其分子结构和其他相关性能的关系;并对静电火花点燃火炸药的机理进行了叙述.在静电积累方面,总结火炸药静电起电的机理,并对国内外研究进展进行了简单概述.还进一步对火炸药静电防护技术进行了一些讨论.火炸药静电感度和静电积累测试受仪器条件、环境因素和药剂形貌等因素的影响较大,因而测试结果存在较大的偏差,不能得到绝对的数值,只能相对比较,对结构与性能之间的关系规律研究更要求是在同一条件下得到数据.

Progress on Electrostatic Performances of Explosive

The electrostatic performance of an explosive is an important aspect to estimate its safety under the electrostatic discharge environment. Studies of electrostatic sensitivity and electrostatic accumulation play an important role to reduce accidents caused by electrostatic discharge. The progress on the field of electrostatic performances of explosive is reviewed in this paper. Some factors influencing the results of measurement of the electrostatic spark sensitivity of explosive are analyzed, and the relationship between the electrostatic spark sensitivity and the molecular structure is discussed in detail. Also, the mechanism of igniting explosive by electrostatic discharge is discussed. Moreover, the studies related with electrostatic accumulation are reviewed briefly, and a further discussion on the electrostatic protection is made. The measurements of electrostatic sensitivity and electrostatic accumulation are influenced by various factors, such as the condition of instruments, ambient temperature, relative humidity, the shapes and sizes of the explosive particles. So, a large deviation would be expected when the electrostatic performance is evaluated under different conditions and environments, and the results we obtained are not absolute, only a relative comparison. When investigating the relationship between the electrostatic performance and molecular structure, these data should be obtained under a same condition.