亚里士多德分析理论的现代启迪

对语言意义的分析古希腊就已开始。亚里士多德用分析能力表示自己的主张,其分析的初始环节是语词分析。《范畴篇》通篇讨论语词的涵义与指称。作为命题主词,亚氏的第一实体与弗雷格的对象表面类似,实质不同。亚氏关于第二实体可作命题主词的主张与其通名理论密切相联。属种关系分析在亚氏理论中占有极重要地位。对量词的不同分析结果根源于对存在的不同理解和解释。虽然亚氏未分析命题主词所指的存在并不全面,但逻辑分析学派把主词所指局限于现实世界同样有失偏颇。对于提高分析能力来说,掌握方法固然重要,但更重要的是对语言分析宗旨的明确。

The Modern Enlightment from Aristotle's Analysis Theory

The analysis of language meaning began in Ancient Greece.Aristotle expressed his ideas with theanalytical ability,where the first step of his analysis was lexical items.In Categories,Aristotle talked about the sense and reference of words.Although Aristotle'sprimary sub-stanceseems similar to Frege'sobject,the two differ in essence.Aristotle's claim that the secondary substance can be the proposition object was closely related with his Generic theory.Analysis about the relationship between species and genus...