防振橡胶材料疲劳寿命研究方法综述

防振橡胶因其具有很大的弹性和良好的绝缘性、可塑性、隔水隔气等特点,广泛应用于汽车工业、国防、建筑等领域。防振橡胶材料的疲劳寿命理论与技术研究对于提高防振橡胶产品耐久性的设计和制造具有重要意义。针对防振橡胶产品的工作特点,指出防振橡胶材料疲劳特性分析的技术难点。从橡胶的疲劳裂纹萌生法、疲劳裂纹扩展法和疲劳损伤法三个角度综述目前橡胶材料疲劳特性的研究进展。针对国内外橡胶疲劳特性研究现状,提出在橡胶疲劳特性研究中应考虑橡胶材料在疲劳载荷作用下特有的Mullins效应、永久变形、循环应力软化等非线性特性,并指明基于连续损伤力学的疲劳损伤法更便于解决复杂疲劳载荷下橡胶材料和结构的疲劳损伤和寿命预测问题。

A review on fatigue life prediction methods for anti-vibration rubber materials

Anti-vibration rubber, because of its superior elasticity, plasticity, waterproof and trapping characteristics, is widely used in the automotive industry, national defense, construction and other fields. The theory and technology of predicting fatigue life is of great significance to improve the durability design and manufacturing of anti-vibration rubber products. According to the characteristics of the anti-vibration rubber products in service, the technical difficulties for analyzing fatigue properties of anti-vibration rubber materials are pointed out. The research progress of the fatigue properties of rubber materials is reviewed from three angles including methods of fatigue crack initiation, fatigue crack propagation and fatigue damage accumulation. It is put forward that some nonlinear characteristics of rubber under fatigue loading, including the Mullins effect, permanent deformation and cyclic stress softening, should be considered in the further study of rubber materials. Meanwhile, it is indicated that the fatigue damage accumulation method based on continuum damage mechanics might be more appropriate to solve fatigue damage and life prediction problems for complex rubber materials and structures under fatigue loading.