Translation initiation: variations in the mechanism can be anticipated |
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Authors: | Email author" target="_blank">Naglis?MalysEmail author John?E?G?McCarthy |
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Institution: | (1) Manchester Centre for Integrative Systems Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK;(2) Manchester Centre for Integrative Systems Biology, School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK |
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Abstract: | Translation initiation is a critical step in protein synthesis. Previously, two major mechanisms of initiation were considered
as essential: prokaryotic, based on SD interaction; and eukaryotic, requiring cap structure and ribosomal scanning. Although
discovered decades ago, cap-independent translation has recently been acknowledged as a widely spread mechanism in viruses,
which may take place in some cellular mRNA translations. Moreover, it has become evident that translation can be initiated
on the leaderless mRNA in all three domains of life. New findings demonstrate that other distinguishable types of initiation
exist, including SD-independent in Bacteria and Archaea, and various modifications of 5′ end-dependent and internal initiation
mechanisms in Eukarya. Since translation initiation has developed through the loss, acquisition, and modification of functional
elements, all of which have been elevated by competition with viral translation in a large number of organisms of different
complexity, more variation in initiation mechanisms can be anticipated. |
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