生土窑居的生态特性研究

生土窑居是世界上少有的、最具地方特色的建筑.取之自然而融于自然,或依山靠崖、或妙居深壑、或深潜土塬,具有因地制宜、施工简便、造价低廉、适应气候及可再生性强等特点;深藏于土层之中,充分利用地下热能和覆土的储热能力,"冬暖夏凉",具有保温、隔热、储能、调解洞室小气候的功能,最符合生态原则.生土材料是最理想的保持生态自然系统中物质流与能量流平衡的材料.因此,从生土窑居存在之自然、用材之巧妙、构筑之合理等方面探讨生土窑居的生态优势,以弘扬生土窑居千百年来带给我们丰厚的建筑文化和生态精神.

Study on the Ecological Properties of Earth-sheltered Dwelling

Earth-sheltered dwelling is a building which is rare with the most native characteristics on the earth.It originated from nature and merged into nature,standing near mountains and cliffs,lying in deep valleys or situated in big holes,with many advantages like suiting measures to local conditions,convenient construction methods,cheap fabrication cost,easy adjustment to climate,strong reproduction,etc.Housing deep into the ground,this kind of building can make full use of the ground heat energy and reserve it,characteristic of 'winter being warm and summer being cool',bearing the functions of heat reservation,thermal insulation,energy reservation and small climate adjustment in caves,which harmonize best with ecological balance.Immatural soil is the most favorible material to keep material cycle and energy cycle in balance.As a result,the ecological advantages of the earth-sheltered dwelling are discussed from the fact that earth-sheltered dwelling exists in nature,material is skillfully used and construction is reasonable so as to promote and spread the rich architectural culture and ecological spirit brought by the earth-sheltered dwelling throughout thousands of years in history.