装配式与现浇住宅基于全寿命周期的热力学与环境影响评价研究

以北京市某装配式民用住宅楼作为研究对象,建立装配式住宅全寿命周期能耗、耗及CO_2排放量的热力学计算模型。基于调研数据,应用此模型计算出该栋装配式住宅全寿命周期各个阶段的能耗、耗及CO_2排放量;并与传统现浇混凝土住宅进行对比分析,作出能比变化曲线。针对装配式住宅特点,建立围护结构形成阶段热力学计算模型。结果表明,该装配式住宅围护结构形成阶段三项数据均高于现浇住宅;且能比较高,装配式住宅建造需要消耗大量高品位能源。拆除阶段装配式住宅建材高回收利用率有效降低能耗及CO_2排放量。假定建筑50年使用年限,全寿命周期内装配式住宅总能耗及CO_2排放量分别减少15.0%、12.6%;但能比略高于现浇住宅。建立的围护结构形成阶段热力学计算模型能客观评价两类住宅该阶段在能源消耗、能源结构及对环境影响的差异,结合装配式住宅全寿命周期热力学计算模型分析对装配式住宅节能设计有指导意义。

Research on Thermodynamic and Environmental Impact Assessment of Prefabricated and Cast - In - place Residential Buildings Based on Life Cycle Analysis

Taking a prefabricated residential building in Beijing as a research object, the life cycle calculation model of energy consumption, exergy consumption and CO2 emissions for prefabricated residential building was established.Based on the survey data, this model is used to calculate the energy consumption, exergy consumption and CO2 emissions during the whole life cycle of the prefabricated residential building. Compared with traditional cast-in-place concrete buildings, the energy-exergy ratio curve was obtained. To investigate the characteristics of the assembled house, a thermodynamic calculation model of the formation period of the building envelope is established. The results show that the three data of the formation period of the building envelope are higher than those of the cast-in-place residential building, and the exergy-energy ratio is higher. The prefabricated residential building consumes a large amount of high-grade energy. During the demolition, materials of the prefabricated residential building have higher recycling rate,which effectively reduce energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Assuming that the service life of the building was 50 years, the total energy consumption and CO2 emissions of the prefabricated residential building decreased by 15.0 % and 12.6 % respectively over the entire life cycle, but the energy-exergy radio is slightly higher than that of the cast-in-place residential building. The established thermodynamic calculation model of the formation period of the building envelope can objectively evaluate the differences in energy consumption, energy structure and environmental impact between the two types of residential buildings, and combined with the analysis of the life cycle thermodynamic calculation model of the prefabricated residential buildings, it has significant guidance in terms of the energy saving design for prefabricated residential buildings.