阿尔金山自然保护区藏羚羊、 藏野驴和野牦牛的数量与分布

分别于2012年5—6月、12月及2013年6—7月在新疆阿尔金山国家级自然保护区采用样线法调查了藏羚羊(Pantholops hodgsoni)、藏野驴(Equus kiang)、野牦牛(Bos grunniens)3种有蹄类动物的数量和分布状况,据此估算了3种动物在保护区内的数量,得到如下结果:1)保护区内藏羚羊、藏野驴和野牦牛的平均密度在夏季分别为:(2.2±1.0)(SE)只·km-2、(0.4±0.2)只·km-2、(0.1±0.1)只·km-2;在保护区东部冬季分别为:(0.1±0.1)只·km-2、(1.2±0.4)只·km-2、(3.4±2.7)只·km-2;2)保护区内有藏羚羊约16 617只(95%置信区间为9 624~24 890),藏野驴约11 030头(95%置信区间为8 018~16 448),野牦牛约14 850头(95%置信区间为11 943~19 077);3)藏羚羊主要分布在保护区的西部地区,其中位于保护区西南部的兔子湖区域是藏羚羊的一个重要产羔地.夏季产羔期,大量雌性藏羚羊聚集于此产仔;野牦牛、藏野驴主要分布于保护区东部.本研究的结果可以为保护区管理部门提供有关这3种有蹄类动物的基础数据,便于保护区管理机构掌握它们的变化动态和趋势,从而为科学管理这些动物种群提供参考.

Surveys of Tibetan antelope,kiang and wild yak in Arjinshan Nature Reserve,Xinjiang,China

The number and distribution of wild yak (Bos grunniens ), Tibetan antelope (chiru ) (Pantholops hodgdonii )and kiang (Equus kiang )was surveyed by vehicle transect method from May to June 2012,December 2012,and from June to July 2013,in Arjinshan Nature Reserve (ANR)of Xinjiang,China. The results of transect line survey showed that mean density of Tibetan antelopes,kiang,and wild yak was (2.2±1.0)(SE),(0.4±0.2),and (0.1±0.1)animals·km-2 ,respectively in the summer,and (0.1±0.1), (1.2±0.4),and (3.4 ± 2.7 )animals·km-2 ,respectively,in the eastern part of the nature reserve in the winter;2 )the total number of wild yak,Tibetan antelope and kiang was estimated to be 14 850 (95%confidence interval:1 1 943 to 1 9 077),1 1 030 (95% confidence interval:8 018 to 1 6 448),and 1 6 617 (95%confidence interval:9 624 to 24 890),respectively,in the eastern part of the nature reserve in the winter;The total numbers of wild yak,Tibetan antelope and kiang were estimated to be 14 850 (95% confidence interval:1 1 943 to 1 9 077),1 1 030 (95% confidence interval:8 018 to 1 6 448),and 1 6 617 (95% confidence interval:9 624 to 24 890),respectively;Tibetan antelope were mainly present in the western part of ANR,and most female Tibetan antelopes migrated each year to summer calving grounds in an area ranging from Tuzihu (Rabbit Lake)to the north of Mount Muztagh Ullugh adjacent to the south-west of ANR,while wild yak and kiang were distributed mainly in the eastern part of ANR.Our results can be considered as a reference for comparing long-term trend and monitoring of population sizes of these three ungulate species and can be used to develop scientific management plans.