基于Hotelling模型的供应链间核心企业竞争与分散式

考虑两个竞争的下游核心企业,它们分别决定是否把产品生产外包给各自的上游供应商,形成向上分散式的供应链结构.在供应商没有生产成本优势的情况下,利用Hotelling模型,分析供应商和核心企业之间的利润分享契约,研究向上分散式结构对核心企业以及整体供应链的影响.研究结果表明:与集中式结构相比较,向上分散式结构总是能够提升所在供应链的整体利润水平,并且对另一条竞争供应链的溢出效应也是有利的;这有别于经典供应链管理理论中的"双重边际化"问题.利润分享契约中分享比例的大小决定了供应链之间竞争的均衡结构.

Supply chain core firms competition and decentralization based on Hotelling model

Two downstream core firms compete in a market. Each firm decides whether or not to outsource production to its upstream supplier and adopt upward decentralized supply chain structure. Under the assumption that the supplier does not have any advantage on production costs, this paper builds upon the Hotelling model to analyze profit-sharing contracts between the supplier and the core firm, and studies the impact of upward decentralization on the core firm and the whole supply chain. Results show that compared with centralized structure, upward decentralized structure always benefits the overall supply chain. Moreover, the spillover effect on the other competing supply chain is positive. This finding is different from classical supply chain management theory of “Double Marginalization” problem. The values of sharing ratio in profit-sharing contracts determine the equilibrium structure of supply chain competition.