林果业生产机械化水平评价与实证研究

为掌握多年生作物林果业的生产机械化发展现状,十分有必要建立一套指标体系来评价其生产机械化水平.从统计具有可操作性角度出发,对林果业概念界定、指标及权重设置、评价方法建立等方面进行了深入探讨.通过典型调查与专家咨询、定性与定量研究相结合等方法,从林果业全程生产的15项作业中重点考虑作业频次高、用工量大、作业费用多、机械化需求迫切的重点作业项目,选取了中耕、施肥、植保、修剪、采收、田间转运等6项,设置了相应评价指标,用德尔菲法确定了指标权重,构建了评价指标体系,采用线性加权综合评价法进行计算和评价.最后进行了应用验证,结果表明该指标体系能一定程度反映生产实况,且具有可操作性,为分区分类指导我国林果业生产机械化发展提供了科学依据.

Research on evaluation and demonstration of the forest fruit industry production mechanization

In order to master the development of the forest fruit industry's production mechanization in China, it is an urgent need to establish an index system to evaluate its mechanization level. Through a thorough discussion, this paper not only looks at a statistical operable angel, but also defines forest fruit industry, the index and weight set and the evaluation method. By using typical investigation and expert consultation, as well as combing qualitative and quantitative research method, several aspects were chosen from 15 operations in the industry, including high operation frequency, large amount of labor, expensive operation cost and the urgent need of mechanization operation. During the process, six key items were picked out, which are cultivation, fertilizer application, chemical application, pruning, harvesting and field transportation. A method was put forward to establishing the evaluation index system, and the six key mechanical operations are considered as basic indexes. The index weights were achieved through Delphi method. Linear weighted comprehensive evaluation method was also adopted to calculate and evaluate the mechanization level of the forest fruit industry. The result shows that the index system can reflect the actual production to a certain extent, and operate, for zoning classification guidance provides a scientific basis for the forest fruit industry mechanization development in China.