美国国家实验室治理机制改革及其对中国的启示

 20世纪90年代以来，美国国家实验室治理模式进行了新一轮调整。梳理了美国国家实验室历次评估发现的问题及对策，分析了战略规划、合同、评估以及预算4个方面的治理问题，从明确战略定位与聚焦核心使命、重塑联邦资助研发组织模式（FFRDC模式）以及变革治理模式和保持变革活力3个方面归纳了美国国家实验室的改革对策，并结合中国国家实验室建设运行实践，提出了确立国家实验室相应的法人地位、加强对国家实验室的支持力度、优化国家实验室治理架构、加强国家实验室战略规划的对策建议。

Reform of governance mechanism of US National Laboratory and its enlightenment to China

Since the 1990s, the governance pattern of the US national laboratories experienced a new round of adjustment. This paper outlines the problems and the countermeasures identified in the reviews of the US national laboratory, highlighting the governance issues in the strategic planning, the contracts, the assessments, and the budgets. Furthermore, the reform measures are summarized as defining the roles and the responsibility, focusing on the core mission, restoring the federally funded research and development center (FFRDC) model and ensuring a lasting change. Last but not least, based on the operational practice of China's national laboratories, suggestions are made for the construction of China's national laboratory as authorizing national laboratories with an appropriate legal person status, strengthening the support for national laboratories, optimizing the governance structure, and enhancing the strategic planning of national laboratories.