海洋环流模式研究回顾与展望

大洋环流的强度变化,对区域乃至全球气候有重要影响.综述了在过去50年中,海洋模式的发展.经过了几代人的开发,国内外全球大洋环流模式、近海和区域环流模式都有了很大改进,能较好地模拟大洋海面温度和高度的分布、海流分布以及El Nino和La Nina的演变过程等.但是,由于观测资料的短缺,数值模式开发还不够完善,海洋边界流的模拟仍不够好.有些探索是基于压力坐标的、非Boussinesq近似的海洋环流模式;将海洋模式的开边界以余流和潮流合成给出,能保证整个计算区域内水量进出的平衡;摒弃刚盖模型,用自由表面模型取而代之,以及借助海洋资料同化系统,开发海气耦合模式,都是海洋环流模式的发展方向.众多研究认为,不断改进和完善动力框架和各种差分格式的设计将有助于提高海洋环流模式的模拟能力.

Review and perspectives of study on thermohaline circulation

The intensity variation of the ocean general circulation has great influence on the regional and global climate.In the past fifties years,with the great improvement of the domestic and international global ocean general circulation model(OGCM) and the offshore and regional ocean circulation model,the distribution of the sea-surface temperature,the sea-surface height and the ocean current as well as the evolution of El Nino and La Nina could be simulated well.However,the numerical model is not perfect yet for the shortage of the observational data.Some researches were based on the non-Boussinesq models in pressure coordinates.Given the open boundary of the ocean model with the composition of the tidal current and the residual current,the water balance of passing in and out in the whole calculation region can be realized.Efforts should be made to supersede the rigid-lid model with the free-surface model,to develop the air-sea coupled model in virtue of the oceanic data assimilation system,and to improve the design of the dynamical frame and different projects.These efforts are significant to improve the simulative capacity of the ocean model.