城市水生态修复工程生态需水量分析

针对城市水生态修复工程中河道与塘库交错、季节需水存在差异等特点，对河道部分的需水提出了综合生态水力学法，将河道功能要求转化为水力约束条件，通过河道水力模拟得到生态流量；对塘库部分的需水流量，采用功能法计算．在此基础上，根据河道与塘库水力联系分析，综合确定水生态修复工程生态补水流量．本文以成都市九道堰水生态修复工程为例，分别计算得到河道与塘库不同季节生态需水量，确定了水生态修复工程生态补水流量．研究结果对于城市河流水生态修复工程补水量的确定，以及水生态保护具有重要参考价值． 

Ecological water requirements in urban ecological restorations

With water shortage aggravating, problem of poor water quality and eco-environmental deteriorations in rivers and lakes is becoming more serious．Seasonal river flow is almost completely off during dry season, not counting discharges of waste water．Therefore, eco-environmental water supplementation is an important measure in urban watershed ecological restoration project．However, some uncertainties remain regarding the actual supplemented water flow, to avoid either insufficiency or overflow waste of water resource．Characteristics of staggered river channels and ponds, seasonal differences in water requirements, are all taken into account to computate accurate water requirements．A comprehensive ecological hydraulic method is proposed for ecological water requirements of river channel, converting functional requirements of river channel into hydraulic constraints, to obtain ecological flow based on hydraulic simulation of channels．A functional method is used to calculate ecological water requirements of ponds．Ecological water requirements of rivers and ponds in different seasons in Jiudaoyan water ecological restoration project in Chengdu were then calculated．Comprehensive determination of water supplementation in urban watershed ecological restoration project as proposed in this paper is of important reference value to protect water ecology and environment．