中药专利保护试论

我国目前对中药知识产权的保护可以分为五大类：专利保护、商标保护、行政保护、商业秘密保护、新药保护。从中药的技术特征和中药知识产权保护法律效力的等级来看，专利保护应当是首选，但在实践中专利保护的实施效果并不理想。中药专利保护受阻的原因主要有：中国企业和个人到国外申请中药专利的很少、中药创造性低、中药专利申请人多为个人、中药专利侵权的司法救济困难。我们应加强中药国内外专利保护意识，提高中药创新意识，并利用中药学中的有效部位理论解决中药专利侵权的认定问题。

Research on the Issues of TCM Patent Protection

At present, TCM （Traditional Chinese Medicine） intellectual property protections in China could be divided into five categories, including patent protection, trademark protection, administrative protection, commercial secret protection and new drug protection. From the angle of technical features of TCM and hierarchy of validity of TCM intellectual property protections, the patent protection should be put in the first place. But in practice, its effect of implementation is not so satisfying. The reasons why TCM patent protection is hindered lie in four aspects： small amount of Chinese enterprises and individuals applied for TCM patents abroad, lower innovation content in TCM, individual applicants of TCM patent and difficulties of judicial remedy against TCM patent infringement. The consciousness of TCM protection both in domestic and overseas and TCM innovation consciousness should be strengthened and improved. And the issue of TCM patent infringement determination could be settled by means of using the theory of TCM effective fraction.