美国高校兼职教师的发展困境及其消解路径

在美国高校,除了终身教职教师外,兼职教师也是一个不可忽视的正在快速增长的群体。本文在查阅分析大量实践和研究资料的基础上,对当前美国高校兼职教师的总体发展特点做了一个归纳总结,并分析了美国高校兼职教师发展中出现的诸如在工资与福利方面的待遇、晋升机会、职业成就感和学术自由权利方面的困境。要想消解美国高校兼职教师的种种发展困境,需要新的制度安排,如确保兼职教师的质量,改善兼职教师待遇,增强兼职教师的职业成绩感,等等。

Development Dilemma of Part-time Teachers in American Colleges and Universities and Its Solutions

In American colleges and universities, part-time teachers, in addition to tenured teachers, are a fast-growing population that cannot be ignored. Based on the analysis of a series of practices and research materials, the paper summarized the characteristics of overall development of current part-time teachers in American colleges and universities. It also analyzed the plight emerged from the development of those teachers, such as remuneration, promotion, career achievement and the rights of academic freedom. Finally, the paper argued that, in order to solve all sorts of devel- opment difficulties of part-time teachers in American colleges and universities, new institutional ar- rangements are needed, such as to ensure the quality of part-time teachers, improve their treat- ment, and enhance their career achievements, etc.