Review of source identification methodologies for heavy metals in solid waste

Source characterization of heavy metals is prerequisite to assessing their potential contamination pathways and environmental risks, based on which pollution control and environmental remediation measures can be properly targeted. In the present study, recent progress in methodologies of source identification of heavy metals in solid waste are summarized. The key scientific concerns related to these methodologies based on the total contents, chemical speciation, isotopic composition, and single-particle signature are also discussed. Finally, prospective research with regard to source identification of heavy metals in solid waste is discussed according to current research conditions and progress.