湖北省传统村落的时空演化及类型特征

以湖北省的206个传统村落为研究对象，利用GIS空间分析方法、时间断面法和历史文献，分析湖北省传统村落的时空演变特征，以完整展现其空间关系和区域演化过程，发现：湖北省传统村落历史发展大致经历了隋唐五代以前的萌芽期、宋元辽金的发展期和明清繁盛期的三个阶段；空间格局呈集聚、均衡性较低的空间分布特征，具体表现为以鄂西南为高值聚集区、鄂东北为中值聚集区、鄂东南为低值聚集区，整体空间分布类型与湖北地貌类型具有密切关系；流域格局上，湖北省传统村落沿河流分布特征明显，主要分布在距河流15 km范围内；高程格局上，湖北省传统村落主要集聚在山地，并大致经过了“山地—丘陵/平原—山地”发展的时序性；类型特征呈现农耕型偏鄂西南分布，商贸型呈沿边型分布，军事型偏鄂东北分布和工艺型偏鄂东南分布的基本特征.

Temporal-spatial evolution and type characteristic of traditional settlement in Hubei Province

In this paper， 206 traditional villages in Hubei Province are taken as the research object. The spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of prehistoric villages in Hubei Province are analyzed by using GIS spatial analysis method， historical literature consulting method and time section method. The research findings are as follows. In the process of time， the formation of traditional villages in Hubei Province experienced three stages the germination period before Sui， Tang and Five Dynasties， the development period of Song， Yuan， Liao and Jin Dynasties， and the prosperous period of Ming and Qing Dynasties. In terms of spatial characteristics， the traditional villages in Hubei Province have the characteristics of agglomeration and low equilibrium， which are shown as the three major agglomeration areas southwest Hubei as high value agglomeration area， northeast Hubei as middle value agglomeration area and Southeast Hubei as low value agglomeration area. The overall spatial distribution type is closely connected with the landform types of Hubei. In the watershed pattern， the distribution characteristics of traditional villages along the river in Hubei Province are obvious， and the most traditional villages are distributed within 15 km away from the river. From the altitude point of view， the traditional villages in Hubei Province are mainly concentrated in mountainous areas， and the traditional villages have gone through the development of “mountainous-hilly/plain-mountainous areas” in a time sequence. The distribution of different types of traditional village exhibits the patter of the agricultural type allocated in Southwest Hubei， the commercial type in the border area of Huber， the military type in Northeast Hubei， and the industrial and mining type in Southeast Hubei.