强干预:西部高等教育发展的策略选择

怎样缩小东西部高等教育之间的差距是新时代我国高等教育发展的议题,中央和西部地方政府及西部高校十分重视该问题。社会学方法中的“弱干预”是对自组织发育程度高水平社会的小力度干预,“强干预”则是对自组织发育程度低水平社会的大力度干预。迁移到高等教育领域,该概念以缩小东西部高等教育之间差距为标准,认为没有达到缩小两者之间差距目标的干预对策是“弱干预”;达到缩小东西部高等教育之间差距目标的干预对策是“强干预”。从现实的数据分析,从1999年到2019年,东西部高等教育之间的差距在绝对数量上有所缩小,但在反映质的排名上的差距却在加大。从历史的事件分析,中央政府出于战略转移与国防建设需要所实行的东部高等教育向西部的迁移改变了东西部高等教育优质资源的布局。为了实现新时期缩小东西部高等教育之间差距的目标,中央政府要继续加大“强干预”的主导作用,鼓励东部地区优质高校到西部办分校;西部地方政府需要做好“强干预”的辅助工作,制定更加开放、灵活与优质的政策吸引东部地区高等教育资源向西部迁移;西部地方高校需要配合中央与地方政府的“强干预”对策,落实“强干预”的具体工作。

Strong Intervention:The Strategic Choice of Higher Education Development in the Western China

How to narrow the gap between the eastern and western higher education is an issue in the development of China’s higher education in the new era.The central and western local governments and the universities attach great importance to the issue.The“weak intervention”in sociological methods is a small intervention to the society with high level of self-organization development,and the“strong intervention”is a large intervention to the society with low level of self-organization development.When it is transferred to the field of higher education,the concept takes narrowing the gap between eastern and western higher education as the standard,holding that the intervention countermeasure that fails to narrow the gap between the two is“weak intervention”;the intervention countermeasure to narrow the gap between eastern and western higher education is“strong intervention”.From the actual data analysis,during the years from 1999 to 2019,the gap between eastern and western higher education has been narrowed in absolute quantity,but the gap in reflecting the qualitative ranking is increasing.From the analysis of historical events,the transfer of higher education from the east to the west implemented by the central government for the needs of strategic transfer and national defense construction has changed the layout of high-quality resources of higher education in the east and the west.In order to meet the needs of narrowing the gap between eastern and western higher education in the new era,the central government should continue to strengthen the leading role of“strong intervention”and encourage high-quality colleges and universities in the eastern region to set up branches in the western region;western local governments need to do a good job in the auxiliary work of“strong intervention”and formulate more open,flexible and high-quality policies to attract higher education resources from the eastern region to the west;western local universities need to cooperate with the“strong intervention”countermeasures of the central and local governments to implement the specific work of“strong intervention”.