旅游孤岛效应形成原因及其治理路径

景区与社区关系一直以来都是理论研究和产业实践高度关注的领域，也是旅游目的地实现优质发展难以回避的焦点问题.研究以反映景区与社区隔离关系的旅游孤岛效应作为切入视角，解释封闭型景区与周边社区矛盾冲突的诱发原因，并构建缓和矛盾冲突的治理路径.主要结论如下：1) 旅游孤岛效应关于空间与权利理论在分析封闭型景区与周边社区矛盾冲突时具有较高的适用性；2) 旅游资源资本化演进过程发挥作用的极化、虹吸、封闭三种空间作用力量，使封闭型景区与周边社区关系呈现出对抗程度递增的协调型冲突、竞争型冲突、对抗型冲突三种状态；3) 根据对三种类型矛盾冲突的诱因分析提出相对应的治理路径，形成缩小发展差异、降低封闭阻滞、弱化矛盾对立的三大治理思路.基于旅游孤岛效应视角分析景区与社区之间的矛盾冲突，既拓展了社区参与旅游发展的研究领域，也有助于促进目的地旅游的高质量发展，还有利于维护社会的和谐稳定与发展.

Study on the causes and governance oftourism islanding effect

The relationship between attractions and communities has always been an area of great concern for theoretical researchand tourism practice， and it is also a core issue that is unavoidable in achieving high-quality development of destinations. Taking tourism islanding effect that reflects the isolation relationship between attractions and communities as a tool， in this paper the reasons for the conflicts between closed attractions and surrounding communities are illustrated and corresponding regulatorymeasures are put forward.The main conclusions are as follows. 1) The connotation of space and rights in the theoretical tools of tourism islanding effect have high applicability in analyzing the conflicts between closed attractions and surrounding communities. 2) The process of capitalization of tourism resources produced three spatial effects polarization， closure， and siphon， making the relationship between closed attractions and surrounding communities present three kinds conflicts of coordination， competition ， and confrontation with increasing levels of antagonism. 3) According to the reasons of the three types of conflicts， three ideas of reducing differences are proposed， includingstrengtheningdiffusion， and weakening confrontation toregulatetheseconflicts. Analyzing these conflicts between attractions and communities based on the perspective of tourism islanding effects not only expands the research field of community participation in tourism development， but also helps promote high-quality development and maintain social stabilization.