林下经济学的缘起、发展与展望

林下经济学学科理论与技术是随着国际社会对森林在全球可持续发展中关键作用的认识不断深入的大背景下产生的,特别是林下经济在森林多功能作用、保护生物多样性、维持水和土地资源、提供多种木材和非木质林产品等方面发挥积极作用,其对发展森林生态经济、促进森林可持续经营、多功能森林建设不断得到深化等有着重要意义。林下经济学顺应了全球涉林交叉学科前沿发展的趋势,是着眼于完整的、现代的森林资源概念,以森林生态经济系统为研究对象,以非木质林产品和森林生态产品产出为目标,以多学科融合理论技术为手段,系统研究林下经济资源的特点和功能,以及对它开展生态保护培育、经营开发和科学合理利用所形成的基础理论、基本方法和科学技术体系。林下经济研究来源于生态学、经济学、生态经济学、农(林)学等多学科基础理论,其主体由林下经济资源学、林下生态学、农林复合经营学、林下经济产业管理学等构成。基于自然的解决方案和自然受益型经济增长,未来林下经济学将关注林下经济生物资源保护、培育和精深加工利用,关注结构优化、功能协调、健康稳定的森林生态系统供给服务,关注农林复合系统的优化调整和效益提升,着力建立高效、高产、优质和持续的产业体系。笔者分析了林下经济学产生发展的背景,概述了林下经济发展现状,阐述了林下经济学的学科内涵、特点、研究对象和学科体系,展望了林下经济研究的重点和突破方向。

The origin,development and propspect of Non-timber Forest-based Economics

The theory and technology of “Non-timber Forest-based Economics” are developed in the bachround of to deepening of the international community’s understanding of the key role of forests in the global sustainable development, especially the multi-functional role of forests, the protection of biodiversity, the maintenance of water and land resources, and the provision of a variety of wood and non-wood forest products, as well as the development of forest ecological economy, the promotion of sustainable forest management and the deepening of multi-functional forest construction.It conforms to the trend of the development of forest-related interdisciplinary frontiers in the world.“Non-timber Forest-based Economics”, focuses on the complete and modern concept of forest resources, takes the forest eco-economic system as the research object, takes the output of non-timber forest products and forest ecological products as the goal, and takes multi-disciplinary integration theory and technology as the means to systematically study the characteristics and functions of underforest economic resources, together with the basic theory, basic methods and scientific and technological system formed by its ecological protection, cultivation, management and development and scientific and rational utilization. Research on the basic theory of “Non-timber Forest-based Economics”, comes from Ecology, Economics, Ecological Economics, Agriculture (Forestry) and other disciplines, and the main body is composed of under-forest economic resources, under-forest ecology, agroforestry management, under-forest economic industry management and so on.Based on the natural solutions and natural benefit-oriented economic growth, “Non-timber Forest-based Economics” in the future will focus on the protection, cultivation and intensive processing and utilization of undergrowth economic biological resources, the construction of structural optimization, functional coordination, healthy and stable forest ecosystem supply services, the optimization and adjustment of agroforestry complex system and the promotion of benefits. Efforts should be made to establish an industrial system with high efficiency, high yield, high quality and sustainability.This paper analyzes the background of the development of under-forest economics, summarizes the development status of under-forest economy, expounds the discipline connotation, characteristics, research object and discipline system focus of under-forest economics, and looks forward to the focus and breakthrough direction of underforest economy research.